Mongolia Brief April 24, 2014 Part III
Study
finds winter air pollution in UB responsible for dramatic rise in miscarriages
April 24 (UB
Post) A report released this week has found a “disturbingly strong correlation”
between winter air pollution in Ulaanbaatar and early fetal deaths.
In a paper
published in the journal BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, researchers report
“alarmingly strong statistical correlations” between seasonal ambient air
pollutants and pregnancy loss in Mongolia’s capital.
Researchers
from the Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Mongolian
National University and National Center for Maternal and Child Health conducted
the study – the first of its kind in the country. The researchers identified
burning coal in winter ger stoves as a major source of the city’s toxic air
pollutants.
While overall
rate of miscarriages in UB occur in some 15 to 20 percent of all pregnancies,
and not unlike that of Western countries, rates of spontaneous abortion
incidence per calendar month increased from 23 per 1,000 live births in May to
73 per 1,000 live births by December 2011.
Ulaanbaatar has
emerged as one of the most air polluted capital cities in the world, with
particle matter (PM) 2.5 levels reaching over 20 times World Health
Organization (WHO) standards during winter months.
The researchers
would note that average monthly ambient levels of air pollution showed
increases in early mornings, and late evenings – during colder temperatures,
when ger stoves are used most.
Recent studies conducted in China, Iran and Brazil found that levels of CO may interfere with tissue oxygenation levels in the early stages of pregnancy, a leading cause of fetal death.
Recent studies conducted in China, Iran and Brazil found that levels of CO may interfere with tissue oxygenation levels in the early stages of pregnancy, a leading cause of fetal death.
Researchers
noted that while Mongolia’s Ministry of Environment and Green Development has
made some major policy strides in recent years in curbing air pollution, “the
disturbingly strong correlation between air pollution indices and fetal death…
suggests that much more needs to be done to further ameliorate the toxic
effects of air pollution on the human unborn.”
The researchers
estimate that up to five-fold further reduction in air pollutants in winter
will be needed to reduce fetal death rates to levels found in Ulaanbaatar’s
summer season, yet emphasize that even in summer the level of early-term
miscarriages remains “unacceptably high”.
Public
transportation delegates discuss development
April 24 (UB
Post) Ulaanbaatar’s public transportation delegates gathered for the first time
on Wednesday at the Public Transportation Development Key Conference to discuss
ways to better organized transportation service in Mongolia and recover
reputation of the service among the residents.
Many citizens
are concerned over drivers’ traffic violations, poorly routed buses and
intervals, as well as inappropriate behavior on duty. Bus conductors are often
criticized for their lack of appropriate communicative skills.
The delegates
organized the conference hoping to eliminate both work related and ethical
violations which are common among drivers and conductors of public buses.
Over 200
delegates from 25 public and private transportation operators shared their
ideas at the conference.
Attendees noted
that unless public transportation services are favored over private vehicles,
auto traffic of a city of 1.3 million residents will soon “go out of control.”
Today, 1,170
buses are running in the city transportation services, which hardly meets the
current demand.
Chief of the
Ulaanbaatar City Transportation Authority Ch.Enkhbat admitted, “One of the top
three pressing issues facing Ulaanbaatar is definitely public transportation.
We gathered here to find a proper solution for our problems.”
“Public
transportation is considered a very important sector in terms of a country’s
development. Before Mongolia shifted to free market economy, transportation
sector officials used to be provided with apartments free of charge. Since
1990s, this sector has been literally abandoned.”
Autobus-1
state-owned bus company hosted the conference on the occasion of its 60th year
anniversary.
The following
is a brief interview with Chief of Autobus-1 Ts.Odontungalag about public
transportation service in the city.
What do you think is the best solution to
improve public transportation services in Mongolia?
Currently,
income is more important than serving the public for public transportation
staff. In other words, they are chasing after money too much and fulfilling
their duties poorly.
If income is not priority, private
companies are unlikely to be interested in working in the sector. Wouldn’t it
cause shortage of buses?
Public
transportation development is directly linked to reduction of traffic
congestions as well as air pollution, according to international experiences.
But the fact is completely opposite in Ulaanbaatar. People prefer driving than
catching public buses. This sector will recover if the government solves budget
issues of private bus operators.
Some officials are talking about creating
segregated bus routes and electronic bus fare collectors. Is it possible to
introduce these technologies in Mongolia now?
With current
conditions, it is rather difficult. Before implementing these reforms, buses
must be replaced with new ones and related policies should be revised.
Are there any standards for bus drivers and
conductors?
Yes. Drivers
must be above 21-years-old, with identity card indicating they have graduated
from a professional training, while conductors must be over 18-years-old and
must have attended 48-hour training. These standards have to be reformed.
Before 1990s, only the most skilled drivers were selected for public
transportation service after 11-month paid training. Around 30 to 40 drivers
used to be granted free apartments every year.
How are bus drivers trained in foreign
countries?
They are
trained and seen equally as pilots. Bus drivers are state servants, so states
resolve all welfare and social services for them, while drivers in Mongolia
have low salaries. That is why skilled drivers refuse to work as bus drivers
and companies are left with no other option but to hire whoever is interested.
SouthGobi
Resources announces select first quarter 2014 operating results
April 24 (UB
Post) SouthGobi Resources announced this week its select first quarter 2014
operating results.
“Consistent
with the coal sales and production guidance provided in January 2014, coal
sales and production decreased in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the
fourth quarter of 2013. Sales volume is generally lower in the first quarter of
each year due to the seasonal holidays of Mongolian Tsagaan Sar and Chinese New
Year, which result in border closures at the Shivee Khuren-Ceke crossing at the
Mongolia-China border and a general decrease in the level of economic activity
at the Shivee Khuren Border Crossing,” the company said.
SouthGobi
resumed operations at the Ovoot Tolgoi coal mine on March 22, 2013 after having
been fully curtailed since the end of the second quarter of 2012. This resulted
in higher coal production in the first quarter of 2014 compared to the first
quarter of 2013.
As of April 21,
2014, the company had cash of 15.8 million USD. Included in the 15.8 million
USD cash balance is an eight million USD customer prepayment for future coal
deliveries.
SouthGobi said
that changes in its cash position in certain periods are inclusive of cash
interest paid on the China Investment Corporation (CIC) convertible debenture
in the amount of 8.1 million USD in the fourth quarter of 2013, 4.1 million USD
in the third quarter of 2013 and four million USD in the first quarter of 2013.
The next cash interest payment on the CIC convertible is 7.9 million USD and is
due on May 19, 2014.
Coal production
in the second quarter of 2014 will be paced to meet contracted sales volumes,
according to SouthGobi.
SouthGobi is
listed on the Toronto and Hong Kong stock exchanges, in which Turquoise Hill
Resources, also publicly listed in Toronto and New York, has a 56 percent
shareholding. Turquoise Hill took management control of SouthGobi in September
2012 and made changes to the board and senior management. Rio Tinto has a
majority shareholding in Turquoise Hill.
SouthGobi is
focused on exploration and development of its metallurgical and thermal coal
deposits in Mongolia’s South Gobi Region. It has a 100 percent shareholding in
SouthGobi Sands LLC, the Mongolian registered company that holds the mining and
exploration licenses in Mongolia and operates the flagship Ovoot Tolgoi coal
mine. Ovoot Tolgoi produces and sells coal to customers in China.
Outlook
The company
said that it anticipates that coal prices in China will remain under pressure
in 2014, which will continue to impact the company’s margins and liquidity.
Based on its forecasts for the year ending December 31, 2014, SouthGobi said it
is unlikely to have sufficient capital resources and does not expect to
generate sufficient cash flows from mining operations in order to satisfy its
ongoing obligations and future contractual commitments, including cash interest
payments due on the CIC convertible debenture. Therefore, SouthGobi is actively
seeking additional sources of financing to continue operating and meet its
objectives.
If SouthGobi is
unable to secure the additional sources of financing and continue as a going
concern, then this could result in adjustments to the amounts and
classifications of assets and liabilities in the company’s consolidated
financial statements and such adjustments could be material, the company said.
M.Sonompil:
the city will not lack electricity
April 24 (UB
Post) We met with M.Sonompil, Minister of Energy yesterday, in connection with
an announcement that 2014 will be a building year in the field of power. One of
the projected power stations will be built with funding from the Development
Bank and two will be built by Concession Contract.
The Amgalan Station will eliminate 86 low
pressure stoves
The advantage
of Amgalan Station is that it is the first thermal power station. Mongolian
power will come from a combination of thermal and electrical power stations.
Amgalan Station will produce 388 megawatts of energy and its basement work
already started on August 23, 2013. Currently its construction work is at 80
percent completion and the first of the three chambers will be ready to use by
October 15, 2014. The finishing date is set for December.
M.Sonompil,
Minister of Energy, stated that putting the Amgalan Station into use will
eliminate the 86 low pressure stoves in Bayanzurkh district. The heat that is
being distributed from thermal electrical station #4 to Bayanzurkh district is
delivered six to eight hours later. It causes a huge amount of heat loss and
economical expenditure. By building Amgalan Station, the heat from the thermal
electrical station #4 will be used in the central heating system. The 388
megawatt supply is enough power to support over 50 thousand households.
A Chinese
machinery engineering company is the project executor and there are ten
supporting executor companies from Mongolia. B.Battumur, head of the project
said “At present there are approximately 230 Chinese building workers and in
the future there will be 1000 workers at the top levels of the work”.
He continued to
say that the project is being done using the Concession Contract’s 75.9 million
USD. The project managing company’s occupancy for the station is 20 years.
There is currently an incomplete connection of the waste water pipes between
Shar Khad and Uliastai. There is no place to distribute their extra water.
Amgalan Station is under construction near to ger area. Originally, it was the
plan that there must not be any household at a distance of 50 meter from the
station. He stated that they hope that these issues will be sorted when the
thermal station is ready to use.
Extension of thermal power plant #3
The extension
work of thermal power plant #3 started in June, 2013 and now it is near to
completion. It was very impressive to see such a big building. This building
consists of an extension of the main building, cooling tower, electric
distribution building, cooling pump and station building. The basement of
thermal power plant #3 was established in 1963. It provides 17.6 percent of
electricity and 32 percent of the heating to Ulaanbaatar city. The
extension of the station will increase the electricity output by 50 megawatts
and the city’s heating supply by 75 kcal. This means 4,500 households of 95
buildings will be provided with heat and electricity. The total cost of the
project is 35 million USD. The Chinese Human Industrial Equipment is the
project manager of this project. The extension will be finished in June, 2014.
The usage increase of thermal power plant
#4
Thermal power
plant #4 provides 70 percent of central regions in the city with electricity
and 65 percent of Ulaanbaatar’s heating. Thermal power plant #4 is currently
overloaded because the electrical usage of Mongolia has increased 8 to 10
times in recent years.
The extension
project for 123 megawatt electricity and 188 kcal heat was started to counter
this extra strain on the thermal station and it is expected to be finished on
November 14, 2014. B.Tseveen, executive director of this station, said “The
extension work will reduce the increased strain of electricity and heating
usage for the short term.”
The difference
between this and the above mentioned project is that the contract companies are
from Russian; two companies besides the Development Bank. Its construction cost
is 70 million USD and specialists say that it is possible to get back the cost
within 4.5 to 7.8 years.
Since 1994,
thermal power plant #4 has received new and updated technologies thanks to
Japanese grant aids, Asian bank’s soft loans and the Czech Republic’s grant
aid. The station has introduced its updates to the Minister of Energy.
Among their updates, they have installed a generator which produces 120
megawatt electricity. This is considered the most powerful generator.
Below is an interview with M.Sonompil,
Minister of Energy.
How much our energy is increasing with
implementation of these projects?
If the three
big buildings will put into use, a total of 170 megawatt energy will be
available from October and November. The heating will increase by 588 kcal. The
total amount of heat we use in UB is 1500 kcal. Therefore, 588 kcal equals 30
percent of the total usage. That means Ulaanbaatar will not suffer from lack of
electricity and heat for at least five years. Maybe during a period of high
demand, we might use Russian electricity.
What is the current situation of thermal
power plant #5?
Last September,
tender selection for thermal power plant #5 was conducted. The working group
discussion between the Minister of Energy and Minister of Economic Development
has concluded. So soon it will be discussed in the parliament. During the
discussion, the issue of investment, the cost of one kilowatt of electricity,
the value of nature and the environment, and water will be discussed. It is
likely that the discussion will be lengthy. Moreover, the issues relating to
the situation of the site will be shortly solved.
Where is the location of the plant?
It will be
built in front of the Urgakh Naran micro district, covering 43 hectares of
land.
Can you talk about development projects
underway in provinces?
The government
developed big projects to supply the provinces with heat and electricity. The
government made a decision to build thermal power plants in eight provinces. I
have met with the administration of these provinces. This month contracts will
be made and real work will start from May. By 2015, their constructions will be
done.
Which provinces were chosen?
The provinces
with projects for thermal power plants are Khentii, Dundgovi, Uvurkhangai,
Arkhangai, Govisumber, Bayankhongor, Zavkhan and Govi-Altai.
What if the plants run deficit even though
the buildings have been completed?
The government
has managed the deficit from electricity for many years. They released Parliaments
Decree 72 resolution. In that resolution, they decided to work by transferring
the price of electricity to the market rule from January 1, 2014. To implement
it, surveys are being conducted.
D.Angarag:
No matter how famous I become, I’ll never change my nationality
April 24 (UB
Post) A member of the Australian
Cinematographers Society (ACS) and cinematographer D.Angarag is going to work
in a psychological film named “Precious” by a foreign producer. The following
is an interview about his upcoming projects and films.
Will Mongolian cinematic arts develop and
succeed best through optimum cultural policy and sufficient funds or by
collaborating with foreign artists?
Mongolians say
that the state isn’t supporting us and that we need financial support. From a
certain perspective, it seems as though that many films are produced and
Mongolian cinematic arts are developing, but strictly speaking, it’s
stagnating. I used to think that producing high and low quality films was a way
towards development. Now, I want to criticize artists for not developing their
abilities and awakening their talents. They’re working with their basic
knowledge acquired in schools, without seeking technical help from people in
the industry such as cinematographers and music directors. Technology is
developing and improving rapidly. Mongolians think as if just acquiring
technologies rumored to be good, it will develop Mongolian cinematic
arts. They can only see the true wonders of technology if they have
complete knowledge about it and operate it as if it were their hands.
You were invited to the Oscars and attended
training for international professional cinematographers. How did you become
recognized internationally? To reach international levels, what must Mongolians
do?
They just need
to do some research. It’s important to become acquainted with many and collect
information. Mongolians think as if someone will come from the heavens and help
them. There’s no such thing in history. I contacted foreign artists and showed
them my work. They liked it and we became close friends. Later, I received an
invitation to the Oscar. Even though, I’m going to many places alone, I’m
trying my best to build a bridge for Mongolian cinematic arts to step on to the
world stage.
You’ve received training at the American
Society of Professional Cinematographers. Will you share what you’ve learned
with Mongolian cinematographers?
This is what I
think about most. Instead of just one person developing, everyone needs to be
capable in order to succeed. Many people tell me to instruct and teach but I
have many things I don’t know. I need to be serious about this otherwise if I
teach imperfectly learnt things to others, it will not be of any help. When
I’ve acquired a certain amount of knowledge and think I’m ready, I’ll share it
with others.
To produce work that is able to compete on
a global scale, how important is technology?
You can make
philosophical films or films that portray the inner world and emotions. What’s
important is how you’ll present it at international markets. “Alsiin Udirdlaga”
(Remote Control), by director Byambaa, participated in several international
festivals, and got an award. Majority of Mongolian films weren’t able to do
this. We need a powerful crew.
Can you talk about the film you’re
collaborating with an American producer? From the Mongolian side, what was
proposed?
It will be
screened in late 2015. Although Mongolian producers make good films, they don’t
plan on how to take it to international markets. They think producers are
people who fund films. A movie is an art but also a business. Before films are
made in America, they wrap up their preparation for many months and plan on
where it’ll be screened, sold and in which festival it’ll participate.
Mongolian actor Batmend is rumored to star
in this film. Why did you choose him? From Mongolia, who else is to take up a
role?
When I went to
America in October 2013, I showed “Bodliin Khulgaich” (Thief of Thoughts) to
some artists. Though Amaraa was the protagonist, Batmend was able to capture
many of the viewers. When I went to America last month, they asked me to bring
him along since they wanted to meet him. After seeing “Anu Khatan,” “Bodliin
Khulgaich,” “Sharga Daaga” in which he played major roles, it was decided that
we’d work together. He’ll act out a role which is a critical supporting role.
Cinematographers’
crew and a female actress from Mongolia is to take part in the film also. We’re
discussing ways to bring in a Mongolian director. From Mongolia, a crew of 10
will participate.
After watching “Bodliin Khulgaich” what did
American artists say?
There was only
one mistake we made and that was technology. It was produced with technologies
we had, not with the latest technologies like America. They talked about
technological issues at the very end. They said artistic intuition was good. It
was able to touch people’s hearts because it was inspired from real life and
shot in real environment, without creating artificial environment. “Bodliin
Khulgaich” was able to become the bridge for me to collaborate with foreign
artists. Only in America, I was able to feel that we can be a good team.
You must receive many film proposals. How
do you make your choice?
Even if it’s
based on the director’s point of view, viewers will see it from my perspective.
I don’t have the right to show them bad quality films. First, I read the
script. If it’s interesting, I’ll contemplate on whether I can bring it to
life.
What’s the most challenging aspect of being
a cinematographer?
In America, we
discussed this exact topic. Everyone thinks differently. Some say pictures with
constant movement, whereas others say it’s challenging to get shots that give
full impact of the role. I’m still looking for my own style.
What sort of scripts do you like?
I like fantasy
or horror stories.
Which is better, to work on scenes or to
watch the results of your efforts after everything has finished?
Watching films
you’ve worked on with others is the best. Many people ask if I can point out
mistakes while watching films. Although I know what was happening before the
camera, I take pleasure from films by watching it from a viewer’s perspective.
Do you often cry after watching a film?
I guess I’ll
have to talk about “Bodliin Khulgaich” once more. While watching it in America,
I was touched when Amaraa met his mother after escaping from prison and nearly
cried. Probably because I watched it after a few years. I felt as if I was
watching someone else’s work. It felt nice.
While there are artists who don’t like
watching films because they might copy it, there are many who think it’s
important to watch and study other’s experience in order to not repeat ideas.
How often do you watch films?
I don’t watch
the same type of films that I’m about to work on. For instance, when working on
historical films, if I watch the same genre, I’ll want to add some parts of it.
If I copy, I will not have anything to brag as my own. Films are made based on
my imagination.
Many directors start out as
cinematographers. Do you plan on becoming a director someday?
If I were to
change my profession after many years, I’ll become a colorist. I judged the
color of most of the films I worked on including, “Anu Khatan” and “Bodliin
Khulgaich.” Currently in Mongolia, there’s no film that used colors like those
in “Alsiin Udirlaga,” “Aravt,” “Anu Khatan” and “Bodliin Khulgaich.” I’m not a
super human like directors. I’ll only try out things I can do.
Why do you make your photographs mostly
with faint colors such as dark blue, grey or fog-like colors?
I don’t know
why. It must be because I like those kinds of photographs. Many people ask
about taking photographs. I advise them to take pictures of things they want to
see after they’ve based it on theories. If I want to take a picture of a woman
wearing completely white clothes under a pitch black sky, I’ll only take
pictures of that. I don’t care if others don’t like it. It’s fine as long as I
can get satisfaction from it.
Do you participate in international
photography competitions such as World Press Photo and National Geographic
Traveler?
I’m not
interested in such things as I don’t take pictures to get awards. With a
portrait of an old man smoking a pipe, I participated in photographer’s forum
for the first time and got an award. I received proposals to use my photographs
from a variety of places.
Can you elaborate on that portrait?
In 2009, while
traveling for a documentary film in Dundgovi Province, the director suggested
we visit a family and that’s how I came upon their place. As soon I saw him, I
wanted to take his picture. His stance and tone of his voice left a strong
impression. To take a picture, we talked for over an hour. He was a war veteran
who fought at Khalkh River. If I hadn’t talked to him and took a picture as
soon as I entered, that portrait wouldn’t have become such a fine work.
As a cinematographer, what’s your biggest
dream?
I want to
produce a fairytale like “The Lord of the Ring” and “Hobbit” with Mongolian
heroes.
If a foreign company gave you a life
changing proposal but you had to change your nationality, what would you do?
No matter how
famous I get, I’ll never change my nationality. My objective is to steal the
secrets of American cinematic arts and use it to flourish Mongolia. I’ll only
know their secret if I work with them.
America’s
Grim Legacy in Iraq
April 24 (UB
Post) By John Tirman
The Iraq War is
now 11 years old and still tearing up the country, but no longer with the
assistance of U.S. troops. Between 500,000 and 700,000 people died from
2003–2011. The monthly civilian toll now is as high as it’s been since 2008.
It’s a riven country, at odds with itself, fending off jihadists from Syria,
and morally and physically drained by more than 20 years of war (starting with
Operation Desert Storm in 1991) and crippling sanctions.
And that’s not
all. We now know, thanks to the courageous efforts of several researchers, that
environmental toxins have likely poisoned the country – another consequence of
the war instigated by the United States. The munitions the United States used
in Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom are the apparent culprits, and,
like the grim Agent Orange legacy in Vietnam, controversy and denial animate
much of the discussion.
Two agents are
at issue. One is depleted uranium, which is used to harden bullets and mortar
shells to enable them to more easily penetrate targets. Depleted uranium (DU)
is slightly radioactive and harmful if inhaled, though the extent of this
hazard is unclear and most studies discount widespread impacts. The most likely
effect is chemical (rather than radiological), and affects kidneys, according
to studies conducted in manufacturing DU applications. Other metals used in
munitions could have similar effects.
A second
candidate is white phosphorous (WP), a known carcinogen, which U.S. forces used
extensively in Fallujah and possibly elsewhere to light up fields of battle,
and as an incendiary. The Army referred to its use of WP as “shake and bake.” A
shell containing WP could burn toxic smoke for 15 minutes. Israel also used WP
extensively in its assault on Gaza in 2008 and 2009, but said last year it
would no longer use the agent.
These toxic
materials, among others, have largely been ignored in the aftermath of the war.
But epidemiological studies have raised the distinct possibility that such
agents have taken a sizable human toll, particularly in Fallujah and other
places of intense fighting.
A 2010
peer-reviewed study by molecular biologists found high rates of birth defects
among Iraqis in Fallujah – “the highest rate of genetic damage in any
population ever studied,” according to the lead author. Another scientific
study found that “since 2003, congenital malformations have increased to
account for 15% of all births in Fallujah, Iraq. Congenital heart defects have
the highest incidence, followed by neural tube defects. Similar birth defects
were reported in other populations exposed to war contaminants.”
Depleted
uranium is a leading suspect for these effects, though many official bodies,
including the World Health Organization, assert that based on most studies, DU
is not enough of a hazard to explain birth defects. A comprehensive report
issued by a coalition of activists seeking to ban DU responds that studies have
not been done in enough war zones to understand the dynamic effects of the
weapons and the environment. The subject deserves considerably more independent
study.
Currently,
there’s no indication that the U.S. military will stop using DU or WP weapons.
They’re not classified as chemical weapons, though a case could be made that
they should be. It defies logic that there are no effects from these
contaminants when the high levels of “genetic damage” are coincident with the
conduct of the war.
The military’s
rote response in most cases of wrongdoing is denial. Remarkably, the American
people and their political leaders are in denial about the impacts of the Iraq
War as well. Many news media elites insist that no more than 100,000 people
have been killed, and there’s little attention to the millions of Iraqis
displaced from their homes by the war.
That the
shattered society earns little heed today is no surprise – it’s a misadventure
everyone wants to forget. But the mothers with malformed babies and high rates
of infant pathologies are grim reminders of our legacy. It happens in all of
America’s wars: We’re leaving a legacy of the uncaring bully. We should be
better than that.
John Tirman is
executive director of the MIT Center for International Studies. He is author of
The Deaths of Others: The Fate of Civilians in America’s Wars (Oxford
University Press).
A
photographic journey to Sochi 2014
April 24 (UB
Post) Member of the Board of the Mongolian Sports Journalists’ Federation, vice
president of the Mongolian Judo Federation and photographer Ch.Ganbat is showcasing
his photography exhibition, entitled “Sochi 2014”, at Blue Moon Art Gallery
from April 23 to 27.
Ch.Ganbat
worked as a photographer at Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games and took
photographs of interesting and touching moments during the Winter Olympic
Games. He was the only official photographer for Mongolia at the London 2012
Summer Olympic Games. He previously unveiled an exhibition named “London 2012.”
The Mongolian
Sports Journalists’ Federation is organizing the exhibition with the support of
the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Around 50 photographs are being
displayed in the exhibition. Let us travel to Sochi 2014 until April 27.
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